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St Mary's Church, Chepstow
The Priory and Parish Church of St. Mary is located in Chepstow, Monmouthshire, south east Wales. Parts of the building, including its ornate west doorway, date from the late 11th century and are contemporary with the nearby Norman castle. The church is a Grade I listed building as of 6 December 1950.〔http://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-2594-parish-church-of-st-mary-chepstow〕
==Foundation and history of the priory==
It was founded around 1072 as a Benedictine priory by William fitzOsbern and his son Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford. FitzOsbern had been granted the Lordship of Striguil by his second cousin King William in gratitude for his support in the Norman conquest of England, and was responsible for starting the building of a new castle overlooking the River Wye on the border with the kingdoms of Wales. At the same time he established a nearby monastic cell, so as to collect rent from the lands within Gwent which he had granted to his home Priory of Cormeilles in Normandy. By the early 12th century, the monastic establishment, on a ridge overlooking the river about 300 metres from the castle, had the status of an alien priory in its own right,〔 though it probably never held more than about 12 monks.〔Rick Turner and Andy Johnson (eds.), ''Chepstow Castle – its history and buildings'', 2006, ISBN 1-904396-52-6〕〔John Newman, ''The Buildings of Wales: Gwent/Monmouthshire'', 2000, ISBN 0-14-071053-1〕 It superseded an earlier Augustinian priory located about 2 km away, which was dedicated to the Welsh saint Cynfarch (or St. Kingsmark), a disciple of St. Dyfrig.〔Miranda Aldhouse-Green and Ray Howell (eds.), ''Gwent In Prehistory and Early History: The Gwent County History Vol.1'', 2004, ISBN 0-7083-1826-6〕
As Chepstow developed as a market town and port around the castle and priory during the mediaeval period, the nave became used as the parish church. Accommodation was built on the south side of the church, in the 13th century,〔 and the first vicar appointed by authority of the king, John de Hemmyngburg, is recorded in 1348. The priory had extensive grounds, probably including most of the land south of the church enclosed by Chepstow's 13th-century town wall or Port Wall.〔 During the Hundred Years' War between England and France in the 14th century, the priory became detached from its association with Cormeilles, and instead became attached at different times both to Llantarnam Abbey near Caerleon and, from 1414, to Bermondsey Abbey in Southwark.〔R. Shoesmith, ''Excavations at Chepstow 1973–1974'', Cambrian Archaeological Association, 1991, ISBN 0-947846-02-6, pp.3–12〕 The priory was eventually suppressed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536 during the English Reformation, at which time there were still three monks in residence. Most of the priory buildings, including the choir part of the church, the cloister, chapter house, lodgings and kitchens, were demolished at that time, and the foundations are buried beneath a car park beside the current church.〔 Remains of a large barn and well were also found during excavations in the 1970s.〔Chepstow Society, ''Chepstow Town Trail'', 1990〕
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